Forming operations are those in which the shape of a metal piece is changed by（）deformation.

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• （）is also called tensile strength, which is obtained at the plastic　deformation region from the stress-strain diagram.
• Totally elastic deformation occurs very quickly, and the strain is independent of time.
• After a certain amount of time has elapsed under constant load, the creep strain (plastic deformation) will（）.
• Ductile materials can stand large plastic deformation without fracture.
• Toughness is the ability or capacity of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation.